Fístula sigmoido-cervical secundaria a una enfermedad diverticular complicada / Sigmoido-cervical fistula due to diverticular disease

Resumen Introducción: Las fístulas secundarias a una enfermedad diverticular complicada son una indicación formal de cirugía electiva en el 4 a 23% de los casos. Caso Clínico: Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 52 años con antecedentes de una histerectomía subtotal por miomatosis uterina que consulta por cuadro de dolor abdominal en hipogastrio acompañado de fiebre de 4 días de evolución. La tomografía computada (TC) de abdomen y pelvis describe una diverticulitis complicada con absceso peridiverticular. Tratada con antibióticos con buena respuesta clínica consulta a los 3 meses en nuestro servicio por pérdida de material fecal por vagina. Nueva TC confirma la presencia de una colección perisigmoidea y engrosamiento de la pared vesical. La colonoscopía informa una estenosis franqueable a nivel de sigmoides y se constata salida de gases por vagina. La corrección quirúrgica electiva incluyó una sigmoidectomía abierta con traquelectomía en block, cierre de la cúpula vaginal y anastomosis colorrectal mecánica, con buena evolución posoperatoria, sin recidiva a los 12 meses de seguimiento. La fístula sigmoido-cervical es una complicación rarísima de la enfermedad diverticular complicada que puede ocurrir en pacientes sometidas a una histerectomía subtotal previa. Aunque el diagnóstico de la fístula es clínico, la colonoscopía y la TC permiten descartar otras etiologías. La resección radical del segmento afectado es el tratamiento estándar en pacientes aptos.

Introduction: Diverticular disease is complicated by fistulas in 4% to 23% of patients. Case Report: A woman 52 years-old previously operated on with parcial histerectomy was successfully treated with antibiotics due to diverticulitis complicated with an abscess. Three months later the patient presented with vaginal discharge of faeces. Computed tomography showed wall thickening of sigmoid colon and vesical wall. Colonoscopy exclude cancer and confirmed the exit of gas through vagina. En-bloc resection of the sigmoid colon with traquelectomy with primary anastomosis was performed. The postoperative course was good without recurrence after 12 months of follow up. Sigmoido-cervical fistula is a very rare benign fistula due to diverticular disease. Diagnosis is basically clinic, but tomography and colonoscopy are important to exclude other causes of fistulas. Radical surgery with primary anastomosis is the standard treatment.

Trombosis segmentaria sigmoidea consecuente a neoplasia maligna de colon. A propósito de un caso interesante / Sigmoid segmental thrombosis consequent to colon malignant neoplasia. On the purpose of a case

RESUMEN Se presentó un caso de una paciente de 78 años de edad, procedente del municipio de Calimete, con antecedentes patológicos personales de infarto agudo miocárdico sin elevación del segmento ST e hipertensión arterial. Llegó a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Emergencia, de Colón con un estado toxico infeccioso severo. Fue intervenida quirúrgicamente con el diagnóstico presuntivo de una trombosis mesentérica. Se constató dicho diagnóstico complementario a una neoplasia maligna de colon sigmoides. Falleció producto a un shock séptico refractario a aminas. En la necropsia se reportaron hallazgos de interés.

ABSTRACT The authors present the case of a 78-years-old female patient from the municipality of Calimete, with personal pathological antecedents of acute myocardial infarct without ST segment elevation and arterial hypertension. She arrived to the Emergency Intensive Care Unit of Colon with a severe toxic-infectious status. She underwent a surgery with a presumptive mesenteric thrombosis. It was stated that diagnosis, complementary to a sigmoid colon malignant neoplasia. She died as a product of an amine-refractory septic shock. The autopsy showed findings of interest.

Ileosigmoid Knot: A Rare Cause of Intestinal Obstruction.

Ileosigmoid knotting also known as compound volvulus or double volvulus is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. Here, we present a case of acute intestinal obstruction in shock. The patient was resuscitated taken up for an emergency exploratory laparotomy, which revealed a large volume of hemorrhagic fluid and dilated gangrenous loops of ileum and sigmoid. A loop of ileum had encircled the base of sigmoid to form a knot resulting in gangrene of both the ileum and the sigmoid colon. Resection of gangrenous ileum and sigmoid colon with ileo-ileal and colorectal anastomosis with a temporary diversion colostomy was done.

Endometriosis extrapélvica semejando cáncer colorrectal estenosante: Reporte de dos casos / Colorectal cancer endometriosis resembling stenosing extrapelvic: Report of two cases

Presentamos a dos mujeres -de 40 y 42 años- con endometriosis colorrectal, ambas con antecedente de endometriosis pélvica y episodios de rectorragia simultáneos con la menstruación. En las evaluaciones endoscópicas detectamos una tumoración sigmoidea y una tumoración rectosigmoidea respectivamente, que aparentaron corresponder a cáncer colorrectal estenosante de origen epitelial.

We present two women of 40 and 42 years with colorectal endometriosis, both with a history of pelvic endometriosis and simultaneous episodes of rectal bleeding with menstruation. In endoscopic evaluations detected a sigmoid tumor and rectosigmoid tumor respectively, which apparently corresponds to stenosing colorectal cancer of epithelial origin.

Occurrence of dolichocolon without megacolon in chronic Chagas disease patients / Ocorrência de dolicocólon sem megacólon em chagásicos crônicos

INTRODUCTION: Since 1970, lengthening of the rectosigmoid has been suspected to be a solitary manifestation of Chagas colopathy. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, opaque enema was administered on 210 seropositive and 63 seronegative patients, and radiographs in the anteroposterior and posteroanterior positions were examined blind to the serological and clinical findings. The distal colon was measured using a flexible ruler along the central axis of the image from the anus to the iliac crest. RESULTS: Dolichocolon was diagnosed in 31 (14.8%) seropositive and 3 (4.8%) seronegative patients. The mean length was 57.2 (±12.2)cm in seropositive patients and 52.1 (±8.8)cm in the seronegative patients (p = 0.000), that is, the distal colon in Chagas patients was, on average, 5.1cm longer. Seropositive female patients presented a mean length of 58.8 (±12.3)cm, and seronegative female patients presented 53.2 (±9.1)cm (p = 0.002). Seropositive male patients had a mean length of 55 (±11.6)cm, and seronegative male patients had 49.9 (±7.8)cm (p = 0.02). Among 191 patients without megacolon and suspected megacolon, the mean length was 56.3 (±11.6)cm in seropositive individuals and 52 (±8.8)cm in seronegative patients (p = 0.003). Among individuals with distal colon >70cm, there were 31 Chagas patients with mean length of 77.9 (±7.1)cm and three seronegative with 71.3 (±1.1)cm (p = 0.000). Among 179 with distal colon <70cm, seropositive individuals had a mean length of 53.6 (±8.8)cm, and seronegative patients had 51.2 (±7.8)cm (p = 0.059). Serological positive women had longer distal colon than men (p = 0.02), whereas the mean length were the same among seronegative individuals (p = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: In endemic areas of Brazil Central, solitary dolichocolon is a radiological Chagas disease signal.

INTRODUÇÃO: Desde 1970, suspeita-se que o alongamento do retossigmoide pode ocorrer como manifestação isolada da colopatia chagásica. MÉTODOS: Para testar esta hipótese, 210 pacientes soropositivos e 63 soronegativos fizeram enema opaco e as radiografias nas posições ântero-posterior e póstero-anterior foram lidas sem conhecimento dos dados clínicos e sorológicos. O comprimento do cólon distal foi medido com curvímetro, percorrendo-se o eixo central da imagem, do ânus à crista ilíaca. RESULTADOS: O diagnóstico de dolicocólon foi estabelecido em 31 (14,8%) pacientes soropositivos e 3 (4,8%) soronegativos. O comprimento médio nos pacientes soropositivos foi de 57,2 (±12,2)cm, enquanto nos soronegativos foi de 52,1 (±8,8)cm (p=0,000), isto é, os chagásicos apresentaram o cólon distal em média 5,1cm maior. Os indivíduos do sexo feminino soropositivos exibiram comprimento médio de 58,8 (±12,3)cm, e os soronegativos de 53,2 (±9,1)cm, (p=0,002). Nos pacientes do sexo masculino soropositivos, o comprimento médio foi de 55 (±11,6)cm, enquanto nos soronegativos foi de 49,9 (±7,8)cm (p=0,02). Nos 191 pacientes, sem megacólon e suspeitos de megacólon, o comprimento médio foi de 56,3 (±11,6)cm nos soropostivos e 52 (±8,8)cm nos soronegativos (p=0,003). Dos indivíduos com cólon distal >70cm, os 31 chagásicos tiveram comprimento médio de 77,9 (±7,1)cm, enquanto nos três não chagásicos foi de 71,3 (±1,1)cm, (p=0,000). Nos 179 com cólon distal <70cm, os soropositivos tiveram em média 53,6 (±8,8)cm, e os soronegativos 51,2 (±7,8)cm, (p=0,059). Dentre os com sorologia positiva, as mulheres apresentaram cólon distal maior que os homens (p=0,02), enquanto naqueles com sorologia negativa o comprimento médio foi igual (p=0,16). CONCLUSÕES: Nas áreas endêmicas do Brasil Central, o dolicocólon solitário é um sinal radiológico da doença de Chagas.

Ileosigmoid knot: a case report and literature review of 280 cases

Ileosigmoid knotting, also known as compound volvulus or double volvulus, is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. In this condition the ileum wraps around the base of the sigmoid colon and forms a knot. Ileosigmoid knotting is an unusual entity in the West, but is comparatively common in certain Africa, Asian and Middle Eastern nations. The condition is serious, generally progressing rapidly to gangrene. Awareness of the condition is essential for prompt diagnosis and optimal management. This report describes a case in a 60-year-old male and describes the management of this rare condition. An additional 280 recent cases in the English literature are reviewed as to etiopathogenesis, presentation, diagnostic modalities, surgical interventions and outcome

Giant sigmoid diverticulum: a case report

To report an unusual presentation of a giant sigmoid diverticulum in the colon. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: The patient presented with an abdominal mass, altered bowel habits, and increasing weight. The provisional diagnosis was made by barium enema and CT scan. The patient underwent laparotomy, revealing a perforated giant sigmoid diverticulum that was excised using Hartmann's procedure. The perforation could have been precipitated by the barium enema study. The histopathology of the resected specimen revealed giant sigmoid diverticulum with no evidence of malignancy. CT scan was adequate for diagnosis of the suspected giant sigmoid diverticulum. Surgical intervention was successfully used to excise the diverticulum

Sigmoid Colon Diverticular Bleeding in a 75-year-old Woman / 대한소화기학회지

Most common cause of brisk hematochezia is diverticular bleeding in Western countries. It occurs in 15% of patients with diverticulosis and one-third of them appear to be massive. Most of diverticulosis in Western countries occur in the left colon but the right colon is more common in Korea. Especially, the reports of diverticular bleeding on left colon are rare in Korea. We report a case presenting with multiple diverticuli complicated by recurrent massive bleeding restricted to the left colon. 75-year-old female was admitted due to hematochezia and dizziness. On past history, two years and two weeks ago respectively, she was treated of diverticular bleeding with and without diverticulitis. Hemoglobin level was 9.8 g/dL. On Colonoscopy, numerous diverticuli were seen at sigmoid colon upto splenic flexure which showed fresh blood clots in the lumen. We diagnosed her as recurrent massive diverticular bleeding on the sigmoid colon. She received elective laparoscopic left hemicolectomy.

Valor do enema de bário com duplo contraste no diagnóstico da endometriose do reto e sigmóide / Double-contrast barium enema in the diagnosis of intestinal deeply infiltrating endometriosis

OBJETIVO: avaliar a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo do enema de bário com duplo contraste (EBDC) para o diagnóstico da endometriose do reto e sigmóide. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal prospectivo que incluiu 37 pacientes com quadro clínico suspeito de endometriose profunda. As pacientes foram submetidas ao EBDC de acordo com a técnica padrão descrita na literatura. Em seguida, foram submetidas à laparoscopia. Os exames foram realizados e seus resultados e imagens foram interpretados e comparados com base na avaliação histológica. A análise estatística foi realizada pela análise de associação (teste do χ2) e análise de concordância (teste de Kappa). RESULTADOS: a média de idade das pacientes estudadas foi de 35,8±4,4 anos (faixa de 28 a 48 anos), sendo 85,6 por cento brancas e 14,4 por cento negras. A endometriose profunda foi confirmada por laparoscopia e pelo exame histológico em todas as pacientes estudadas. A endometriose intestinal foi confirmada histologicamente em 27 mulheres (72,9 por cento). O EBDC demonstrou sinais radiológicos sugestivos de infiltração intestinal por endometriose em 24 mulheres (64,9 por cento) e ausência de sinais em 13 mulheres (35,1 por cento). A sensibilidade do método foi de 87,5 por cento, especificidade de 53,8 por cento, valor preditivo positivo de 77,8 por cento e valor preditivo negativo de 70 por cento. Dentre os 24 exames anormais, 16 (43,2 por cento) apresentaram imagem radiológica do tipo espícula, 16 (43,2 por cento) apresentavam imagem compatível com estenose e quatro (10,8 por cento) o duplo contorno. CONCLUSÕES: o EBDC apresenta elevada sensibilidade e elevado valor preditivo positivo no diagnóstico da endometriose do reto e sigmóide. As imagens radiológicas do tipo espícula e estenose apresentam elevada sensibilidade e valor preditivo positivo para a infiltração intestinal por endometriose.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of double contrast barium enema (DCBE) for the diagnoses of rectum and sigmoid endometriosis. METHODS: prospective transversal study including 37 patients with suspicion of deep endometriosis. Patients were submitted to DCBE, according to the standard technique described in the literature, and then, to laparoscopy. The results of laparoscopy and the DCBE images were interpreted and compared, based on the histological evaluation. Statistical analysis was done by association (χ2 test) and agreement analyses (Kappa's test). RESULTS: patients' average age was 35.8±4.4 years old (age group from 28 to 48 years), 85.6 percent of them being white and 14.4 percent, black women. Deep endometriosis was confirmed by laparoscopy and histological exam in all the studied patients. Intestinal endometriosis was confirmed by histological exam in 27 women (72.9 percent) of them. DCBE demonstrated suggestive radiologic signs of intestinal infiltration by endometriosis in 24 women (64.9 percent) and no signs in 13 women (35.1 percent). The method sensitivity was 67.5 percent, specificity 53.8 percent, positive predictive value, 77.8 percent and negative predictive value, 70 percent. Among the 24 abnormal exams, 16 (43.2 percent) presented radiologic speculum-type image, 16 (43.2 percent), an image compatible with stenosis, and four (10.8 percent), double contour. CONCLUSIONS: the DCBE presents high sensitivity and high positive predictive value, in the diagnosis of the rectum and sigmoid endometriosis. Radiologic images speculum and stenosis-type present high sensitivity and positive predictive value for the intestinal infiltration by endometriosis.

Sigmoid volvulus complicating pregnancy.

Sigmoid volvulus complicating pregnancy is an extremely rare complication with fewer than 76 cases reported in literature. We report a case of sigmoid volvulus complicating pregnancy. The sigmoid colon was resected and Hartman's colostomy was performed. The patient had a successful recovery. Aggressive resuscitation followed by early surgical intervention should be undertaken to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.

Gigantic post-traumatic pseudocyst of sigmoid mesentery.

A 29-year-old man presented with dull abdominal pain and a lump occupying almost the entire abdomen, four months after a fall from a height. Ultrasonography revealed a cystic lesion with debris occupying almost the entire abdomen. Diagnostic tap revealed brownish fluid. Exploration revealed a huge thick-walled cyst of the sigmoid mesocolon, which could be enucleated out entirely. Histology suggested it to be a false cyst.

Vólvulo del sigmoides / Sigmoid volvulus

Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica del vólvulo de sigmoides, con una puesta al día de las causas más importantes que originan este cuadro y de las distintas alternativas terapéuticas utilizadas hoy en día. Se destaca la importancia y el valor del manejo descompresivo endoscópico realizado en primera instancia el que en manos experimentadas alcanzan cifras de éxito superiores al 80 por ciento. La cirugía juega un rol muy importante, sobre todo en los centros qur no disponen de estas medidas descompresivas, y en los casos en que se encuentra el asa volvulada necrosada. En ellos las técnicas empleadas dependen de la experiencia de los cirujanos de urgencia, pero sigue teniendo gran validez la operación de Hartmann, la que debería ser manejada por todo cirujano de urgencia. Las alternativas técnicas en casos de vólvulo sigmoideo con asa viable son numerosas, pero deben ser adecuadamente seleccionadas dependiendo de las posibles causas de esta patología y del entrenamiento en cirugía coloproctológica del equipo de urgencia

Gangrenous sigmoid volvulus in a pregnant woman.

A rare case of gangrenous sigmoid volvulus in a pregnant woman causing intestinal obstruction is reported. The patient had intrauterine foetal death. Laparatomy for resection of sigmoid colon and hysterotomy for removal of dead foetus was carried out. Terminal iliac colostomy with closure of rectal stump was done in the first surgery. The patient underwent colorectal anastomosis 2 months after the first operation and recovered uneventfully.

Mesenteric panniculitis of the sigmoid colon

A 44-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea and lower abdominal mass. CT findings were not characteristic, and exploratory laparotomy revealed a mass involving the sigmoid colon with gross appearance simulating malignancy. Histological examination of the resected sigmoid colon revealed Mesenteric Panniculitis. Post-operatively, her symptoms dramatically improved. Having reviewed the literature, this appears to be the first reported case among the Saudi population

Resolución de vólvulos de sigmoides por laparoscopía. Informe de un paciente / Laparoscopia resolution of sigmoid volvulus. Report of one patient

Objetivo. Describir el caso de un paciente con vólvulus de sigmoides resuelto mediante cirugía laparoscópica. Sede. Hospital de tercer nivel de atención. Diseño. Descripción de un caso. Descripción del caso. Se trató de un paciente del sexo masculino de 81 años de edad, con enfermedad de Alzheimer avanzada en quien se hizo el diagnóstico clínico-radiológico de vólvulus de sigmoides, se realizó laparoscopía diagnóstica que confirmó la sospecha de vólvulos de sigmoides. Se realizó colostomía en asa a través de la cual se introdujo un endoscopio con el cual se obtuvo una descompresión total del colon sigmoides. El paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente y fue dado de alta del hospital al octavo día post-operatorio

Sigmoido-rectal intussusception.

Sigmoido-rectal intussusception is the least common type of intussusception seen in infants and children and is therefore usually misdiagnosed as rectal prolapse. Delay in diagnosis and treatment is due to lack of its awareness amongst surgeons, incomplete assessment of the prolapsed bowel at the anal orifice, and absence of classical traid of intussusception i.e. palpable abdominal mass, colicky abdominal pain, and bleeding per rectum.